it's easy when it's here http://wiki.grunwald.systems/ 2026-04-29T11:51:26+00:00 http://wiki.grunwald.systems/ http://wiki.grunwald.systems/_media/wiki/dokuwiki.svg text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/apache2?rev=1708193020&do=diff Apache2 Installation sudo apt-get install apache2 apache2-doc Konfiguration Virtual Hosts <https://ssl-config.mozilla.org/> Module / Erweiterungen PHP Installation: sudo apt-get install php5 GD-Libraries hinzufügen (Wird z.B. für Captchas benötigt): sudo apt-get install php5-gd sudo service apache2 restart text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/bash_script?rev=1708193020&do=diff Bash-Scripts !#/bin/bash Bash-Script: #!/bin/bash echo "Lieber $1," echo echo "lange nichts von Dir gehört." echo "Geht es dir gut?" echo "Melde Dich mal wieder!" echo echo "Liebe Grüße" echo echo "$2" Befehl: ./script Hans Peter Ausgabe: text/html 2026-03-22T08:50:59+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/befehle?rev=1774169459&do=diff Allgemeine Linux Befehle Hinweis: Zum Teil können unten aufgelistete Befehle nur unter SLES (Suse Linux Enterprise Server) oder Debian verwendet werden. Befehl Funktion mokutil --sb-state check secure boot state text/html 2024-11-13T23:04:16+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/fail2ban?rev=1731539056&do=diff fail2ban Installation sudo apt update sudo apt install fail2ban sudo systemctl enable fail2ban sudo touch /etc/fail2ban/jail.local Debian 11 sudo systemctl start fail2ban.service sudo systemctl status fail2ban.service Debian 12 sudo apt install python3-systemd text/html 2024-07-31T10:00:35+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/fdisk?rev=1722420035&do=diff fdisk Create new partition on empty disk: fdisk /dev/sdb Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x86992fcf. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 1073.7 GB, 1073741824000 bytes 255 head… text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/format?rev=1708193020&do=diff Formatierung und Partitionierung Formatieren: mkfs.<dateisystem> <OPTIONEN> <DEVICE> #Befehlsaufbau mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 #sdb2 mit ext3 formatieren Partitionieren: fdisk parted text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/git?rev=1708193020&do=diff Git apt install git apt install git-all git clone https://github.com/mailcow/mailcow-dockerized mailcow git clone --branch <branchname> <remote-repo-url> git clone -b <branchname> <remote-repo-url> <custom-folder> text/html 2024-07-04T13:27:02+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/haproxy?rev=1720099622&do=diff HAProxy haproxy -V -f haproxy.cfg -c # check config file (verbose) pfSense Settings Global Advanced pass thru -> Custom options tune.ssl.default-dh-param 4096 ssl-default-bind-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2 prefer-client-ciphers ssl-default-bind-ciphersuites TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 ssl-default-bind-ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+CHACHA20:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:!aNULL:!SHA1:!AESCCM ssl-default-server-options ssl-min-ver TLSv1.2 ssl-d… text/html 2025-04-09T11:06:13+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/init-systems?rev=1744196773&do=diff Init Systems who -r ctl start # get current runlevel sudo runlevel # get current runlevel systemd config files ls -al /lib/systemd/system/runlevel* Commands systemctl start grpwise.service # start service grpwise systemctl stop grpwise.service # stop service grpwise systemctl status grpwise.service # show status of service grpwise systemctl enable grpwise.service # enable service grpwise systemctl disabl… text/html 2025-10-20T22:48:15+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/iptables?rev=1761000495&do=diff iptables List sudo iptables -L # list sudo iptables -t nat -L -v # list nat table Edit sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wg0 -o wg0 -j ACCEPT # ans Ende der chain (append) sudo iptables -I FORWARD -i wg0 -o wg0 -j ACCEPT # an den Anfand der Chain (insert) sudo iptables -I 4 FORWARD -i wg0 -o wg0 -j ACCEPT # an 4. Stelle der Chain text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/kvm?rev=1708193020&do=diff KVM text/html 2026-03-11T13:44:52+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/logrotate?rev=1773236692&do=diff logrotate logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf # debug logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf 2> /tmp/logrotate.debug # debug text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/mmonit?rev=1708193020&do=diff M/Monit :!: Benötigt Monit als Agent Installation :!: Unter Debian 11 getestet. Download Download und Entpacken: wget https://mmonit.com/dist/mmonit-3.7.14-linux-x64.tar.gz sudo tar -xvzf ~/mmonit-3.7.14-linux-x64.tar.gz sudo mv ~/mmonit-3.7.14 /opt/mmonit text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/monit?rev=1708193020&do=diff Monit Installation sudo apt update sudo apt install monit Monit als Dienst einrichten Unit File erstellen: sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/monit.service /lib/systemd/system/monit.service # This file is systemd template for monit service. To # register monit with systemd, place the monit.service file # to the /lib/systemd/system/ directory and then start it # using systemctl (see below). # # Enable monit to start on boot: # systemctl enable monit.service # # Start monit immedia… text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/mount?rev=1708193020&do=diff Mounten von Shares und Devices Mounten einer Windows Share Mounten einer Windows Share aus einer Domäne Allgemein mount -t <dateisystem> <RemotePfadSurShare> <LokalerEinhängepunkt> -o username=<WinBenutzername>,password=<WinBenutzerPasswort>[,domain=<DomäneOhneTLD>] text/html 2024-10-04T20:56:49+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/netzwerk?rev=1728075409&do=diff Netzwerkkonfiguration Nützliche Befehle sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_default_ttl=128 # TTL temp. setzen 128 = Windows default ping 192.168.1.1 # Dauerping ping -c 4 192.168.1.1 # 4 Pings netstat -npl # offene Ports auflisten netstat -tulpn # offene Ports auflisten ss -tulpn # offene Ports auflisten lsof -i | grep -e LISTEN # offene Ports auflisten cat < /dev/tcp… text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/nfs?rev=1708193020&do=diff NFS Server Installation sudo apt update sudo apt install rpcbind nfs-kernel-server Konfiguration Shares und Berechtigungen sudo mkdir /mnt/net-vol01 chmod -R 755 /mnt/net-vol01 sudo nano /etc/exports Zeile hinzufügen: /mnt/net-vol01 10.1.1.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check) text/html 2025-06-05T16:37:03+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/nginx?rev=1749141423&do=diff nginx Installation Optional: Offizielles nginx-Repo hinzufügen Datei /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list erstellen mit folgendem Inhalt (“bullseye” durch entsprechendes Release ersetzen) erstellen: deb https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/debian/ bullseye nginx text/html 2026-04-05T18:27:57+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/ntp?rev=1775413677&do=diff NTP Befehle rcntp ntptimeset #Zeit mit NTP-Server synchroniseren (SLES legacy) ntpq -p #show peers timedatectl sudo timedatectl set-ntp true sudo timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 systemctl status systemd-timesyncd sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd text/html 2026-04-05T18:14:53+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/ohmyzsh?rev=1775412893&do=diff Oh My Zsh Installation sudo apt update sudo apt install zsh curl git sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" Standard-Shell ändern: chsh -s $(which zsh) Plugins nano ~/.zshrc ZSH_THEME="duellj" HIST_STAMPS="yyyy/mm/dd" plugins=(git sudo zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting) text/html 2026-03-22T15:22:07+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/rsync?rev=1774192927&do=diff rsync rsync -aP user@10.1.1.50:/mnt/backup/web01 /srv/www/ rsync -aP /srv/www/ user@10.1.1.50:/mnt/backup/web01 # --archive --partial --progress rsync -azP /srv/www/ user@10.1.1.50:/mnt/backup/web01 # --archive --compress --partial --progress text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/samba?rev=1708193020&do=diff Samba HHS Cloud <http://wiki.samba.org/index.php/Samba_&_Active_Directory> <http://www.eiben.weite-welt.com/2006/03/winbind/> <http://blog.tuxclouds.org/?p=524> Software Repositories updaten apt-get update Samba installieren apt-get install samba Benutzer anlegen root@debian:~# adduser test Lege Benutzer »test« an ... Lege neue Gruppe »test« (1008) an ... Lege neuen Benutzer »test« (1006) mit Gruppe »test« an ... Erstelle Home-Verzeichnis »/home/test« ... Kopiere Dateien aus… text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/squid?rev=1708193020&do=diff Squid Logs cache.log #Debug- und Fehlermeldungen access.log #Verbindungen store.log #Cache Objekte <https://wiki.squid-cache.org/SquidFaq/SquidLogs> Cache leeren Pfad des Cache ermitteln: grep cache_dir /etc/squid/squid.conf Squid stoppen: systemctl stop squid text/html 2024-11-29T16:47:20+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/ssh_scp?rev=1732898840&do=diff SSH und SCP SSH Befehl Funktion ssh root@[xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx] anmelden als root bei xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ssh-keygen ssh-keygen –t rsa erstellt keys ssh-keygen –t rsa –b 2048 erstellt keys mit 2048 bit cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/start?rev=1708193020&do=diff text/html 2025-04-01T14:06:05+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/top?rev=1743516365&do=diff top Hotkey Function c Show/hide full path to command e change memory Unit E Show/hide memory in top bar Shift + m Sort by memory text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/vi?rev=1708193020&do=diff VI Befehl Funktion :set mouse-=a Visuellen Modus deaktivieren i Einfügen- (Edit-) Modus Shift+d rest der Zeile löschen w writemodex löschenESC commandmode r replace R text/html 2024-02-17T18:03:40+00:00 Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) http://wiki.grunwald.systems/linux/webhosting?rev=1708193020&do=diff Webhosting Commands sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html* sudo find /var/www/html/ -type d -exec chmod 775 {} \; sudo find /var/www/html/ -type f -exec chmod 664 {} \; sudo find /var/www/html -type d -exec chmod g+s {} \; sudo systemctl restart nginx